Full realization of human rights is one of the great dreams of all hu-manity，and a goal to which the people of China，including those of theethnic groups in Xinjiang，have long aspired.
　　Xinjiang has been home to numerous ethnic groups since remote an-tiquity，and all the groups in the region are closely related members ofthebroader family ofthe Chinese nation. In 60 BC，the Western Han Dynastyset up the Western Regions Frontier Command，and Xinjiang was for-mally incorporated into the territory of China，becoming an integral part ofthis unified multiethnic country.
　　Before the founding of the People's Republic of China （PRC） in 1949，the people of Xinjiang suffered oppression from invading imperial-ist forces，the feudal exploiting class and the privileged religious hierar-chy. At the bottom of the social ladder，they were deprived of basic human rights.
　　In 1949，the Chinese people led by the Communist Party of China (CPC） overthrew the forces of imperialism，feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism，and founded the PRC. The people of Xinjiang，together with the rest of the country，were liberated and became masters of their own country.
　　The PRC regards equality，unity and common prosperity for all ethnic groups as the basic requirements for managing ethnic affairs and handling ethnic relations. It established the system of regional ethnic autonomy in areas inhabited by ethnic minorities in compact commu-nities. By 1954，Xinjiang had established five autonomous prefectures and six autonomous counties. In 1955，the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was founded. The establishment of these autonomous divisions effectively guaranteed the democratic rights of people in Xinjiang to be masters of their own affairs，and started a new era of socialist ethnic re-lations characterized by equality，unity，mutual assistance and harmony.Xinjiang ushered in a new stage of economic and social development，and better protection of human rights.
　　For more than 70 years since 1949，the CPC and the Chinese gov-emment have upheld a people-centered approach to human rights protec-tion，treating the rights to subsistence and development as the primary human rights. Integrating the principle of universal human rights with the country's realities，China has enriched its strategy for the governance of Xinjiang with the following guidelines： governing Xinjiang in accord-ance with the law，maintaining stability in the region through ethnic unity，nourishing the cultures of Xinjiang，promoting prosperity among the local population，and developing Xinjiang from a long-term perspective. In this process，China has given priority to securing and improving people's wellbeing，advanced various undertakings in Xinjiang，and shared the fruits of reform and development with people of all ethnic groups，so as to guarantee their equal rights to participation and development. Thanks to these efforts，human rights have made steady progress in Xinjiang.

　　Xinjiang attaches great importance to documenting and protecting its excellent traditional ethnic cultures, to ensure that they are passed on to succeeding generations.It has continued its efforts to improve the quality ofpublic cultural services and promote the use of standard Chinese.It en-courages ethnic groups to learn spoken and written languages from each other, and takes solid measures to ensure the right to education.
　　Xinjiang's fine traditional ethnic cultures are protected.The splendid Chinese civilization was created by all ethnic groups of China,and the ethnic cultures are an inseparable part of Chinese culture.China's Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics and Law on Intangible Cultural Heritage, and Xinjiang's local measures and regulations on implementing these laws have laid down a solid legal framework for protecting the eth-nic cultures in the region.
　　Cultural heritage is under effective protection.The ancient city ruins of Gaochang, Jiaohe and Beiting, Kizil Caves, Kizilgaha Beacon Tower,and Subash Temple Ruins have been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, collectively known as the "Silk Roads： the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor".The Uygur Muqam of Xinjiang and the Kirgiz epic Manas were inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.The Uygur Meshrep was in-cluded on the UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Ur-gent Safeguarding.All ethnic groups in Xinjiang have items on the national and autonomous regional representative lists ofintangible cultural heritage,and there are 133 key cultural heritage sites under state protection.
　　The cultural traditions of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang are protected.Folk cultural events, such as the Han Lantern Festival, the Uygur Me-shrep, the Kazak Aytes, the Kirgiz Kobuz Ballad Singing Fair, the Mon-golian Nadam Fair, and the Hui Hua'er Folk Song Festival are widely celebrated.Traditional local sports are fiourishing and sports meetings of all kinds are held across the region.Competitions and events involving wrestling, horse racing, archery, the Buzkashi （horseback competition for possession of a goat） and the Darwaz (Uygur tightrope walking） are held on traditional holidays and enjoyed by people from all ethnic groups.The local government has supported the creation of works of ethnic literature and the translation of literature between Han and ethnic minority lan-guages, expanding cultural exchanges and integration among the ethnic groups.
　　The diversity of spoken and written languages is ensured.In ac-cordance with the Constitution, the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy,and the Law on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language, the state promotes the nationwide use of Putonghua as the standard spoken language, ensures the right to learn and use the standard spoken and writ-ten Chinese language, and provides the conditions to guarantee this.At the same time, all ethnic groups have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages.
　　Xinjiang promotes standard Chinese, and encourages ethnic groups to learn spoken and written languages from each other, so as to promote communication and unity among all peoples in the region.Currently,more than 10 spoken and written languages are used among the ethnic groups in Xinjiang.Ethnic minority languages are extensively used in such areas as judicature, administration, education, press and publishing,radio and television, literature and art, and public affairs.
　　Primary and secondary schools provide courses on ethnic minority languages.Citizens of all ethnic groups have the right to use their own language in elections and court proceedings.When performing official duties, Party and government institutions of autonomous areas at the county level and above use standard Chinese together with the languages of the ethnic minority groups that exercise regional autonomy.
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Preface
Ⅰ．Civil Rights
Ⅱ．Political Rights
Ⅲ．Economic Rights
Ⅳ．Cultural Rights
Ⅴ．Social Rights
Ⅵ．Rights of Women and Children
Ⅶ．Freedom of Religious Belief
Conclusion