城市是生产力发展到一定阶段的产物,并随着生产力的发展而不断升级。时至今日,伴着工业文明的推进和文化提升,以及服务业的大力发展,经济增长方式的转变和产业结构的调整正在推动一部分城市向着一个前所未有的高度迈进,这就是创意城市。
创意城市已经为众多有识之士所关注、所认同、所思考。在全球性竞争日趋激烈、资源环境束缚日渐紧迫的形势下,城市对可持续发展的追求,必然要大力发展附加值高、环境友好、成效显著的创意经济。创意经济的发展实质上就是要大力发展创意产业,而城市是创意产业发展的根据地和目的地,创意产业也正是从城市发端、在城市中集聚发展的。创意产业的发展又激发了城市活力,集聚了创意人才,提升了城市的文化品位和整体形象。
综观伦敦、纽约、东京、巴黎、米兰等众所周知的创意城市,其共同特征大都离不开创意经济。首先,这些城市都在历史上积累了一定的经济、文化和科技基础,足以支持创意经济的兴起和长久发展;其次,这些城市都已形成了发达的创意产业,而且能以创意产业支持和推进更为广泛的经济领域创新;最后,这些城市都具备了和谐包容的创意生态,既能涵养相当数量和水平的创意产业消费者,又能集聚和培养众多不同背景和个性的创意产业生产者,使创意经济行为得以顺利开展。
对照上述特征不难发现,我国的一些城市已经或者正在迈向创意城市,从北京、上海到青岛、西安等二线城市,再到义乌、丽江等中小城市,我们自2006年起每年编撰的《中国创意产业发展报告》一直忠实记录着它们的创意轨迹。今天,随着创意产业的蔚然成风,其中的部分城市已经积累了相当丰富的实践经验以及大量可供研究的数据与文字资料,对其进行专门研究的时机已经成熟。
因此,我们决定在《中国创意产业发展报告》的基础上,逐步对中国各主要创意城市的发展状况展开更加深化、细化和个性化的研究和发布,由此即产生了“创意城市蓝皮书”,这也是中国创意产业研究中心“创意书系”的重要组成部分。希望这部蓝皮书能够成为中国每一座创意城市的忠实记录者、宣传推介者和研究探索者。
是为序。
2011年11月Preface to the Blue Book of Creative CitiesPreface to the Blue Book of Creative CitiesPreface to the Blue Book of Creative CitiesZhang JingchengCity came into being while social productivity has developed into a certain stage and upgrades with the progress of the productivity. Along with the marching of industrial civilization, cultural development, the growth of the service industry, the transformation of economic growth and the adjustment of industrial structure, cities worldwide have by now entered an unprecedented stage as of the era of creative cities.
Creative cities have caught the attention from various fields these years. While the global competition for limited resources gets heated, sustainable development has become the only solution for cities, which brings creative economy of high added value and high efficiency into this historic stage. Creative industries is the parallel phrase to creative economy, which regards cities as the bases and the core of the development, and cities is also the place where creative industries started and clustered. On the other hand, creative industries helped to keep the city vigorous, attract more talents and strengthen the public image of the city.
From the experiences of world cities such as London, New York, Tokyo, Paris, and Milan, creative economy has been their common characteristic. First, histories of these cities have provided them with certain amount of economic, cultural and technological resources, which is the engine to start and maintain creative economy; second, all these cities have had sound creative industries which can function as a driving force for the innovation and economic growth of the city; finally, these cities have fostered harmonious and tolerant creative ecology through time, which conserves consumers of creative industries, while attracting more creative industries practitioners.
It can be seen that some Chinese cities have been showing their tendency on the way to become creative cities, such as large cities of Beijing and Shanghai, medium-size cities of Qingdao, Xi’an and even small cities of Yiwu and Lijiang, whose development paths have been closely followed up in our Chinese Creative Industries Report started in 2006. By now, some cities have had rich experiences, comprehensive data and materials worthy to be studied, thus the time to carry out a special research has arrived.
Therefore, based on Chinese Creative Industries Report, we decided to conduct a deeper, more detailed and more characteristic research on some active creative cities of China, leading to the birth of Blue Book of Creative Cities, which is also an important part of Creative Series published by China Creative Industries Research Center. We hope this blue book can function as a faithful recorder, promoter and explorer for every creative city of China.
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