杨令侠，退休前是南开大学历史学院美国历史与文化研究中心教授、博士生导师，博士期间所学方向为美国史，曾出版过《战后加拿大与美国关系研究》，曾任中国加拿大研究会会长，曾获加拿大优选荣誉奖加拿大总督奖，数次去加拿大美国访学、开会。

　　《加拿大与美国关系史纲》：
　　也须未雨绸缪，与美国合作。但加拿大总督和英国自治领事务国务大臣都曾担心加拿大同美国的关系过于紧密，以至疏远英国。他们忧虑加拿大“从英国的自治领转变为美国的保护国”。早在1940年7月一批与加拿大国际研究所有关的专家所起草的《加拿大立即行动计划》中，也着重说明加拿大应主动提出联防计划，以便保持加拿大的独立地位。
　　加拿大人认为，奥格登斯堡协定对加拿大是利害参半。就当时国际紧张局势看，有利于加拿大的安全保卫，但从与美国协调经济和军事行动，特别是从战后趋势看，则不免有受制于人的隐患。加拿大虽然在面积上居世界第二位，但人口仅为美国的十分之一，在经济上更不能同日而语。这种不平衡的现实不能不令加拿大人忐忑不安。
　　1941年12月7日日本偷袭珍珠港后，加拿大先于美英向日宣战。这虽然是出于偶然的原因，但说明加拿大已完全摆脱了犹豫踟蹰的状态。美国政府从战争大范围考虑，反而愿意同英国直接打交道。随着战争范围的不断扩大，加拿大在美国对外政策中的地位不断削弱，在英美间的中间人作用迅速消失。早在1941年8月，罗斯福和丘吉尔于停泊在纽芬兰海岸外的威尔斯亲王号上会晤，并发表了《大西洋宪章》，而加拿大未被邀请。当时美国是一个未参战国，而加拿大是西半球唯一参战国。麦肯齐·金没有在场这一现象是十分显眼的。加拿大第一次意识到，在战争问题上，它已不能起“译员”或“斡旋者”的作用了。在1943和1944年，英美在魁北克举行的几次会议中，麦肯齐·金只是出席拍照，从未参加战争决策的讨论，好像是把房子租给别人去开会似的。
　　1942年1月1日联合国宣言公布了，但英美未交出作战指挥权。1941年12月成立的联合参谋部完全由英美军官组成，未准加拿大参加。在美国看来，加拿大仍是英国在北美的殖民地，丘吉尔更不愿自治领分享他的权力。丘吉尔一意要恢复的不一定是联邦，而是一个帝国。他所要的是自治领的人力和物力，以此作为对抗美国政治优势的砝码。与此相反，美国不希望英国维持它的帝国，至于英联邦也不在美国关切的范围之内。
　　关于战事，罗斯福和丘吉尔并不征询麦肯齐·金的意见，金也不谋求战争指挥权，因他不愿加拿大士兵伤亡过重，从而激化国内关于征兵制问题的争执。他满足于让加拿大士兵留在英国本土，担任防卫任务，以及未来参加反攻西欧大陆的任务。1940-1941年间，金反对将加拿大部队派往埃及和利比亚作战。虽然1941年12月驻守香港的加拿大士兵参加了战时第一次战斗，即寡不敌众的反日本侵略军的战斗，但在1945年金反对把加拿大部队派往印度、缅甸、新加坡作战。在1944年9月，金在渥太华一次会议上说，罗斯福和丘吉尔都希望加拿大分担阿留申群岛巡逻任务以及在中国大陆对日作战的任务，但金认为，这种想法是不对的，因为在远东英美有他们的利益，而加拿大在那里“并无一英亩土地”。
　　加拿大对美国的一些战时措施，深感疑虑。例如，他们对美国1942年开始修建阿拉斯加公路疑窦丛生，感到主权受到侵犯。金认为，这条公路与其说是为了防御日本人，毋宁说是美国想染指整个西半球。他们说，美国人把加拿大看成一群埃斯基摩人。这句话流露出他对美国蔑视加拿大主权的不满情绪。加拿大外交部认为，美国花费大量金钱，在西北部修筑道路，是为了从加拿大攫取广泛的利益。加拿大一位外交官甚而认为，加拿大政府每每对美国要求作出让步，这等于使加拿大渐渐成为美国的不正式兼并的“附属国”。
　　……

引言······················································································1第一章加拿大与美国的初期关系（1774—1814年）··························9一、“七年战争”前后的英属北美殖民地····································9二、美国独立战争与加拿大·····················································
12三、美国独立后的加美关系·····················································15四、第二次英美战争时期的加美关系·········································18第二章19世纪前期加美关系（1815—1865年）·······························22一、相对稳定格局产生的原因··················································22二、1812—1814年战争后面临的争执········································24三、30和40年代的纠纷························································26四、1854年加美互惠贸易条约·················································30五、美国内战期间加美关系·····················································
32第三章19世纪后期加美关系（1866—1899年）·······························34一、美国内战后加美关系所面临的问题······································34二、加拿大在向西扩张中抵制美国的威胁···································36三、加美在经济领域的竞争·····················································41四、加拿大在英、加、美三角关系中的地位································
43第四章20世纪初至第二次世界大战前夕的加美关系（1900—1938年）·48一、本时期加美关系的特点·····················································48二、20世纪初年加美关系·······················································50三、加美关税之战欲罢不能·····················································51四、战争把加美绑在一辆战车上···············································53五、20年代加美关系·····························································56
六、30年代加美关系·····························································58第五章第二次世界大战及其后加美关系（1939—1995年）·················62一、二战期间加美关系··························································62二、冷战初期加美关系··························································70三、冷战中期加美关系··························································
77四、冷战末期加美关系··························································84五、展望············································································92大事年表··················································································99参考书文举要··········································································105历史文件选·············································································110（一）巴黎条约——不列颠国王陛下、最信仰基督的国王和西班牙国王之间的和平友好最后条约················································
110（二）美国大陆会议致加拿大人民书········································113（三）大不列颠和美国最后和平条约········································116（四）根特条约（大不列颠和美国和平友好条约）······················119（五）拉什—巴戈特协定·······················································124（六）韦伯斯特—阿什伯顿条约··············································125（七）美国与大不列颠关于解决毛皮海豹捕猎争端的条约··············127（八）美国总统威廉·霍华德·塔夫脱关于美加贸易互惠条约的咨文················································································130（九）美加关于保护北太平洋大比目鱼渔业条约·························
132（十）1923年不列颠帝国会议关于自治领缔约权限的决议·············133（十一）1927年美国特命全权公使呈递加拿大国书······················135（十二）威斯敏斯特法··························································136（十三）加美互惠贸易协定····················································137（十四）奥格斯登堡宣言·······················································140（十五）美国、加拿大自由贸易协定········································141（十六）北美自由贸易协定····················································144后记···················································································
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