2018 was the opening year for the overall implementahon of the spirit of the 19th CPC National Congress， an important year for the cause of water conservancy between past and future， and also one as a significant milestone in the reform and development of water conservancy.
　　The year 2018 witnessed a major change in water management mentality. We studied thoroughly the Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and the spirit of the 19ul CPC National Congress， and deeply grasped the essence of the guideline for water governance of "prioritizing water conservation， upholding the principle of balancing population growth， economic development， resources and the environment， adhering to the systematic philosophy that mountains， water， forests and farmlands constitute one life community， and insisting on the basic requirement of jointly promoting the development of water sector by both the governmental and the market". We acquired an accurate understanding on the transformation of main contradiction of water governance at present， came up with the overall work tone for the reform and development of water conservancy of "make up the short boards of water works， reinforce supervision and management of the water sector".This indicated the direction for the reform and development of water conservancy in the new era. In terms of making up short boards of water works， we focused on the 4 major fields of flood prevention， water supply， ecological restoration and informatization， and formulated the overall scheme of making up short boards of water works， the overall scheme of projects upgrading for better flood control and drought relief， and the overall scheme for smart water governance， so as to promote the water infrastructure construction. In terms of reinforang supervision and management of the water sector， we focused on 6 main fields of rivers and lakes， water resources， soil and water conservation， water projects， funding and admirustrative affairs， and conducted supervision and inspection towards small reservoirs， secretive investigation of drinking water security in rural areas， and special inspection for law enforcement of river and lake management， the implementation of River Chief System， flood control and management of groundwater exploitation， so as to strengthen the administration of water sector.

　　《2019中国水利发展报告（英文）》：
　　2 Strengthened the Top-Ievel Design of Water Conservancy Supervision to Promote the Building of the Supervision System First， we built a water conservancy supervision system. A "Four-prong" supervision system was established： the Department of Supervision of Ministry of Water Resources （the Supervision and Inspection Office of Ministry of Water Resources） takes the lead in water conservancy supervision； relevant business departments of Ministry of Water Resources are responsible for the supervision of their businesses and the supervision and rectification of problems； ministry-level inspection teams are responsible for the supervision of projects directly under Ministry of Water Resources and the certification， statistical analysis， and collection of key problems， and the supervision teams of river basin administrative agenaes in charge of the discovery， confirmation， classification and reporting of various problems.
　　Second， we established water conservancy supervision regulations. On the basis of sufficient investigation and survey， the preliminary framework for the building of water conservancy supervision system was put forward， and three types of systems of "management of businesses， management of human resources and management of process and results" were established. Meanwhile， we started formulation of relevant regulations and promoted the building of water conservancy supervision system. First， we formulated the Regulations on Water Conservancy Supervision and other business-managing regulations and the general rules of water conservancy supervision， and clarified the organizational form， division of responsibilities， working methods， flow links and result application of the supervision work. Second， we formulated regulations of "management of human resources" such as Measures for the Management of Water Conservancy Inspection Teams clarified working standards and requirements， and established the internal operation mechanism of water conservancy supervision teams. Third， we formulated regulations of "management of process and results" such as Supervision and Inspection Measures for Construction Quality and Safety Production of Water Conservancy Project and Supervision and Inspection Measures for Water Conservancy Project Operation and Management， and clarified standards， thresholds， levels， methods and decision-making procedures， so that water conservancy supervision can be based on laws and rules.
　　Third， the water conservancy supervision mechanism was strengthened. Efforts were made to set up a "Five Unified" management pattern for water conservancy supervision. That is， under the unified command of the ministry's leading party group， we coordinated supervision needs to formulate a unified annual supervision plan， follow the unified supervision requirements of "investigation， recognition， rectification and punishment"， implement a unified management method for supervision teams， and set up a urufied information platform of supervision. Through the management pattern， water conservancy supervision played a significant role in improving management of the water sector.
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Preface
Forming a New Ecological Pattern of Rivers and Lakes to Enable
Harmoruous Development Between Human and Nature
A Summary of Water Conservancy Planning and Programming Work
New Breakthroughs in Key Areas of Water Sector Reform
Financial Support for Innovative Development of Water Sector Reform
Remarkable Results in Flood Control and Drought Relief
Progress in Promoting System of River and Lake Chiefs in an All-round Way
Construction of Major Water Conservancy Projects Sped Up
Operation and Management of Water Conservancy Projects Strengthened
Sustained and Steady Operation of the Three Gorges Project
Remarkable Comprehensive Benefits of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project
New Achievements in Soil and Water Ecological Conservation
New Progress in Poverty Relief and Development of Ministry of Water Resources
New Progress of Water Conservancy Supervision
Advancement in Farmland Irrigation and Drainage Construction
Implementation of the Most Stringent Water Resources Management
System Achieved Progress
Progress and Demand of Water Legislation
New Progress of Human Resources Developments in the Water Sector
New Achievements in Hydrology
Achievements in Innovation in Water Science and Technology
New Progress in International Water Conservancy Cooperation
Progress Madein Promoting Water Culture
Development of River Basin Management Capaaty
Special Column 1Progress of Water Rights Transaction in China
Special Column 2 Implementation of Water Projects Inspections
Special Column 3 Progress in Lancang-Mekong Water Resources Cooperation
Special Column 4 The Spirit of Water Conservancy for a New Era
Summarized and Refined by Ministry of Water Resources
Case 1 Beijing： A New Journey for the Water Resources Taxation Reform
Case 2 World Heritage List of Irrigation Projects for 2018
Attached Table 1 Awards for Major Science and Technology
Achievements in Water Conservancy in 2018
Attached Table 2Main Indices of Water Development in 2017