中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司是1985年根据国家对汽车行业管理的需要，经国家批准成立的科研院所，现隶属于国有资产监督管理委员会。作为行业技术归口单位和国家政府主管部门的技术支撑机构，中国汽车技术研究中心主要协助政府开展汽车行业标准与技术法规、产品认证检测、质量体系认证、行业规划与政策研究、信息服务与软科学研究等工作。

Containing 6 parts and 12 topics， this book describes in detail the development of energy-saving and
new energy vehicles in China from the aspects of industrial environment， fuel consumption， product
development， technology application， hot topics， overseas Learning.
Industrial Environment. Give an overview of the development of energy-saving and new energy
vehicles from the aspects of energy， policy and industry.
Fuel Consumption. Analyze in a systematic way the administration status quo of fuel consumption
and the industrial development level of passenger cars and commercial vehicles in China.
Product Development. Analyze the product nature variation trend of passenger cars and new energy
vehicles and the relationship between the product nature variation and energy consumption variation.
Technology Application. Analyze the application of the energy-saving technologies of conventional
energy vehicles and key spare part technologies of new energy vehicles in China.
Hot Topics. First， evaluate main categories of passenger cars through energy-saving competitive edge
evaluation system. Second， from the technical perspective discuss the two hot topics of new energy
vehicles， namely the thermal management of electric vehicles and key technologies of vehicle fuel cells.
Overseas Learning. Describe the response of EU-28 to the difference between the real-world fuel
consumption and cycle-based fuel consumption.

Contents
page 02
Annual Report on Energy-saving 2019 and New Energy Vehicle in China
2．1．1 Policy Environment 20
2．1．2 Status Quo of Development of Energy-saving Vehicles
in China 23
2．2 Overall Development of the New Energy Vehicle
Industry 32
2．2．1 Policy Environment 32
2．2．2 Market Environment of New Energy Vehicles 34
2．2．3 Supporting Environment for New Energy Vehicle
Infrastructure 37
II Fuel Consumption
Special Topic 3 Average Fuel Consumption and Credit
Development Trend of Passenger Cars
42
3．1 The Industry-wide Average Fuel Consumption
43
3．1．1 The Development Trend of the Industry-wide Average
Fuel Consumption 43
3．1．2 Analysis of Industry-wide Compliance Pressure in
2020 45
3．2 Fuel Consumption of Different Models 45
3．2．1 Fuel Consumption Variation by Vehicle Types 45
3．2．2 Fuel Consumption Variation of Different Origins 47
3．3 CAFC and Compliance Performance of Enterprises
49
3．3．1 Analysis on the Number and Production (Including
Import Volume) of Qualified Enterprises 49
3．3．2 Analysis of Enterprises with Excellent Compliance
Performance 49
page 03
Contents
3．3．3 Analysis on Compliance Performance of Top 10
Producers/Importers by Production/Import Volume
53
3．4 The Impact of New Energy Passenger Cars on
the Accounting of Average Fuel Consumption
56
3．4．1 Industry-wide Average Fuel Consumption Before and
After the Inclusion of New Energy Passenger Cars
into Accounting 56
3．4．2 CAFC of Typical Enterprises Before and After the
Inclusion of New Energy Passenger Cars into
Calculation 57
3．5 Development of CAFC Credits and New Energy
Vehicle Credits 60
3．5．1 CAFC Credits 60
3．5．2 New Energy Vehicle Credits of Enterprises 62
Special Topic 4 Fuel Consumption of Commercial Vehicles
66
4．1 Classification of Commercial Vehicles 67
4．2 Fuel Consumption of Light Commercial Vehicles
68
4．2．1 Fuel Consumption of Different Vehicle Types 68
4．2．2 Comparison Between Fuel Consumption and Limit
Value 73
4．3 Fuel Consumption of Heavy Commercial Vehicles
76
4．3．1 Fuel Consumption of Different Vehicle Types 76
4．3．2 Comparison Between Fuel Consumption and Limit Value
81
page 04
Annual Report on Energy-saving 2019 and New Energy Vehicle in China
III Product Development Trend
Special Topic 5 Development Trend of Related Properties
of Passenger Cars on Energy Conservation
88
5．1 Curb Weight 88
5．2 Footprint Area 94
5．3 Driving Type 97
5．4 Average Displacement 102
5．5 Average Power 108
5．6 Average Torque 113
5．7 Power/Curb Weight 119
5．8 Power/Displacement 123
Special Topic 6 Variation Trend of New Energy Vehicle
Products Properties 129
6．1 Variation Trend of New Energy Vehicle Products
Properties 129
6．1．1 E-range 129
6．1．2 Battery Capacity 133
6．1．3 E-range/Battery Capacity 134
6．1．4 Power Consumption (100 km/ton) 135
6．2 Variation Trend of Development Characteristics
of New Energy Commercial Vehicles 136
6．2．1 Bus 136
6．2．2 Special Vehicle 141
page 05
Contents
Ⅳ Technology Application
Special Topic 7 Promotion and Application of Energy saving Technologies for Passenger Cars
144
7．1 Turbocharging Technology 144
7．2 GDI Technology 148
7．3 Three-cylinder Turbocharged Engine 150
7．3．1 Technical Development of Three-cylinder
Turbocharged Engine 151
7．3．2 Overview of Enterprises and Models Utilizing the
Three-cylinder Turbocharged Engine Technology 153
7．4 Miller Cycle 157
7．4．1 Development of the Miller Cycle 157
7．4．2 Overview of Enterprises and Models Utilizing Miller
Cycle Technology 160
7．4．3 Introduction of Key Miller Cycle Engines 165
7．5 Advanced Transmission Technology 166
7．5．1 Development of Advanced Transmission Technology
167
7．5．2 Overview of Enterprises and Models Equipped with
10AT/9AT， CVT and DCT 170
7．6 Idling Stop-Start Technology 175
7．7 Hybrid Power 178
7．7．1 Development of Hybrid Power Technology 179
7．7．2 Overview of Enterprises and Models Using Hybrid
Power Technology 181
page 06
Annual Report on Energy-saving 2019 and New Energy Vehicle in China
Special Topic 8 The Market and Technology Trend of Key
Parts of New Energy Vehicles 184
8．1 Power Battery 185
8．1．1 The Market of Power Battery Industry 185
8．1．2 Status Quo of Development of Power Battery
Technology 192
8．1．3 Development Trend of Power Battery Industry 195
8．2 Motor 198
8．2．1 Situation of Motor Industry 198
8．2．2 Status Quo of Development of Motor Technologies
200
8．2．3 Development Trend of Motor Industry 204
8．3 Electric Control System 209
8．3．1 The Market of Electric Control System Industry 209
8．3．2 Development Trend of Electric Control Industry 211
Ⅴ Hot Topics
Special Topic 9 Evaluation on Energy-saving
Competitiveness of Passenger Cars
214
9．1 Purpose and Significance of Energy-saving
Competitiveness Evaluation 214
9．2 Building the Evaluation System of Energy saving Competitiveness of Passenger Cars
215
9．2．1 Data Indicator System of Factor Analysis 215
9．2．2 Brief Introduction of Evaluation Methods on Energy saving Competitiveness 216
page 07
Contents
9．3 Evaluation and Rank of Energy-saving
Competitiveness 219
9．3．1 Ranking of Evaluation on Energy-saving
Competitiveness of Sedans 219
9．3．2 Ranking of Evaluation of Energy-saving
Competitiveness of SUVs 221
9．3．3 Ranking of Evaluation on the Energy-saving
Competitiveness of MPVs 223
9．3．4 Conclusion 225
Special Topic 10 Development Trend of Thermal Management
and Introduction of Case Analysis
226
10．1 Necessity and Functions of Thermal
Management System 226
10．1．1 Necessity of Thermal Management 226
10．1．2 Introduction of Basic Functions of Thermal
Management 230
10．2 Status Quo and Trend of Thermal Management
231
10．2．1 Status Quo of Thermal Management 231
10．2．2 Importance of Gradually Enhanced Thermal
Management 237
10．2．3 Mainstream Models Gradually Adopt Integrated
Liquid Cooling System 239
10．3 Basic Requirements 239
10．4 Analysis on Typical Product Cases 241
page 08
Annual Report on Energy-saving 2019 and New Energy Vehicle in China
Special Topic 11 Technical Development of Key Areas
of Automotive Fuel Cells 245
11．1 Status Quo of Automotive Fuel Cell Technology
246
11．2 Status Quo of Development of Fuel Cell System
and Part Technology 249
11．2．1 Comparison of Key Performance Index Parameters of
Foreign Fuel Cell Engines 249
11．2．2 Comparison of Index Parameters of Key Materials
Made at Home and Abroad 251
11．3 Testing and Evaluation Technology of Fuel Cell
Vehicles and Key Components 253
11．4 Opportunities and Challenges amid the
Development of Fuel Cell Vehicles 258
Learning from Overseas Development of Ⅵ Learning from Overseas Development
of New Energy Vehicles
Special Topic 12 EU’s Countermeasure to the Difference
Between Real Fuel Consumption and
Working-condition-based Fuel Consumption
262
12．1 Reasons for Differences 262
12．2 Resolution 263
12．2．1 Introduction of a New Test Cycle 263
12．2．2 Adjustment Factors for Real World 265
12．2．3 Test Procedures for Real Driving Emissions 266
12．3 Summary 268