官方译文学习鉴赏1
数字翻译
说明：画线部分为需要掌握积累的重点表达，习惯直译的读者一定要认真比对学习！
1 2017年全国共有医疗卫生机构98.7万个，比1978年增长4.8倍；卫生技术人员898万人，比1978年增长2.6倍。
The number of health service institutions increased to 987,000 in 2017, up by 480 percent from 1978, with health professionals growing by 260 percent to 8.98 million in 2017.
提示 关于倍数的中英互译问题，可以通过大量阅读外刊并通过网络搜索相关解释。总体而言，中英文两种语言对倍数的认知不同。中文里出现“增长了……倍”，并不能对应英文的“increase by…times/folds”，因为在英文里只有“是……倍、增长至原来的……倍”的概念。同理，英文里的increase by…times/folds 译为中文时要翻译为“增长为原来的多少倍 / 增长了 n－1 倍”。此处官方译文选用了 percent，巧妙避开了有关倍数的混淆点，因为 increase by 10 percent 就是比原来了多了10%，increase by 480 percent 就是比原来多了 480%，与中文意思完全一致。来看网络上英语母语人士给出的解释：（https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/91263/why-is-a-100-increase the-same-amount-as-a-two-fold-increase）
问 When something went from 4 units to 8 units, most authoritative sources seem to agree with the use of “a two-fold increase”, even though what was actually increased is more like “one fold”, i.e. the original quantity. But if the “two-fold increase” is the correct usage, why most people seem to interpret “a 100% increase” the same thing?
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答 Yes, the correct usage is that 100% increase is the same as a two-fold increase.The reason is that when using percentages, we are referring to the difference between the final amount and the initial amount as a fraction (or percent) of the original amount. So, if something
gets multiplied by two, it experiences a positive increase equal to 100% of the original amount. The confusion arises because the word “increase” is used differently in each case. In the first case we mean the change between initial and final value; while in the second situation we interpret the change as a multiple of the original quantity.
An “increase” can be an amount added on to one number to make a larger number or it can be the fact that a smaller number was replaced by a larger one. Both uses of “increase” are common in various forms.
In the phrase “two-fold increase”, the term “increase” refers to the fact that one number is greater than the other, not the amount by which one is greater than the other. The increase is two fold because the new number is twice the old number.
There’s nothing sloppy or innumerate about it. However, the two similar uses of “increase” can lead to confusion. As always with potentially ambiguous language structures, the onus is on the speaker/writer to ensure their meaning is clear to their intended audience.
A 50% increase from 100 is 150. A 100% increase from 100 is 200. There is no such thing as a ‘one-fold’ increase. To go from 100 to 200 is a two-fold increase.
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——著名学者 季羡林先生
★翻译专业中有“强项中的强项”，也就是国际会议传译、同传，培养的是翻译人才“精英中精英”。
——广东外语外贸大学校长 仲伟合教授
★口译其实是古老的职业之一，也是现代跨文化交流的重要手段。对口译工作人员的需求将长期存在下去。只要有不同的族群，就会使用不同的语言，就需要有媒介，就必须要有人搭建桥梁。口译工作的重要性不言而喻。
——上海外国语大学口译专家 梅德明教授
★中国的翻译专业正处在跟难的时期，需要年轻一代增强自己的竞争力，要做到“知其然，还要知其所以然”。口译员要有地球人的视野，要记住，自己是在为人类的事业作贡献，自己也是在为中国文化的传播事业作贡献，要有眼界，切记不能过于狭隘。
——北京语言大学 刘和平教授
★要学好同传，必须先学好交传，因为交传是同传的基本功，同传核心的技巧都集中体现在交传中。译员在听时，就需要根据发言者的逻辑，把讲话的关键词、句等框架记下来。这些关键性的字词对译员准确、流畅翻译有着重要辅助作用。
——全国翻译专业资格水平考试同声传译专家组组长 王若瑾老师
★有人说，翻译不是听来的，也不是学来得，而是练出来的。此话不无道理。口译训练要做到知其然，亦知其所以然。听力是重要的，因此，听力训练要求每天坚持收听收看外电新闻与评论。再一个是训练如何记笔记，如何使自己的注意力在脑记和笔记之间进行分配。口译中笔记只是充当一个“reminder“。笔记必须体现原文内容的逻辑关系，简洁明了。
——外交学院英语系副教授 王燕老师