Contents
I Foundational concepts 1
1 The meaning of meaning 3
2 Referring， denoting， and expressing 15
3 Truth and inference 35
4 The logic of truth 53
II Word meanings 77
5 Word senses 79
6 Lexical sense relations 107
7 Components of lexical meaning 119
III Implicature 137
8 Grice’s theory of implicature 139
9 Pragmatic inference after Grice 161
10 Indirect speech acts 179
11 Conventional implicature and use-conditional meaning 197
IV Compositional semantics 215
12 How meanings are composed 217
13 Modeling compositionality 229
14 Quantifiers 253
15 Intensional contexts 273
V Modals， conditionals， and causation 291
16 Modality 293
17 Evidentiality 317
18 Because 329
19 Conditionals 347
VI Tense & aspect 377
20 Aspect and Aktionsart 379
21 Tense 405
22 Varieties of the perfect 427
References 453
Index 475
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