米克·巴尔（Mieke Bal），著名文学理论、文化理论学者，阿姆斯特丹大学教授，文化分析学院主任。

List of Figures  xxv

Preface  xxvii

Introduction  3

1 Text: Signs  24

   1 Preliminary Remarks  24

   2 The Narrator  28

   3 Non-narrative Comments, Narrative Arguments  54

   4 Description  56

   5 Levels of Narration  63

   Remarks and Sources  70

2 Transition: Between Text and Society  74

   1 Preliminary Remarks  74

   2 Frame Narrative's Invisible Frame  76

   3 Con-fusing Meanings  82

   4 Between Narrative and Theatre  86

   5 Con-fusing Media  91

3 Story: Aspects  99

   1 Preliminary Remarks  99

   2 Temporality  100

   3 Characters  125

   4 Space  131

   5 Focalization  138

4 Transition: Media in Dialogue  145

   1 Preliminary Remarks  145

   2 Novel and Film, a Two-Way Street  146

   3 Making and Thinking Images in Text  153

   4 Image Making and Thinking in Images  156

   5 Merging Everything  160

   Remarks and Sources  164

5 Fabula: Elements  167

   1 Preliminary Remarks  167

   2 Events  168

   3 Actors  176

   4 Time  184

   5 Location  189

   No Conclusion  192

   Remarks and Sources  195

References  197

Index of Names and Titles  207

Index of Terms and Concepts  213