Chapter 1 Introduction of Coalfields in the Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Brief introduction about the coalfields of Pakistan
1.2.1 Lower Indus Basin coalfields
].2.2 Balochistan coalfields
1.2.3 Punjab coalfields
1.2.4 Coalfields in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Azad Jammu and Kashmir
1.3 Geography of the area
1.4 Hydrogeology of the area
1.4.1 Top aquifer
1.4.2 Intermediate aquifer
1.4.3 Bottom aquifer
1.5 Previous work
1.6 Aims and objectives
1.7 Research methods
1.7.1 Filed work for samples
1.7.2 Material and methods
1.7.3 Coal analysis
Chapter 2 Geological Settings
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Tectonic framework
2 2.1 Indus Platform and Foredeep
2 2.2 Western axial-fold and thrust-belt
2 2.3 Kohistan-Ladakh Magmatic Arc Zone
2 2.4 Karakoram Thrust Zone
2 2.5 Makran Flysch Basin and accretionary prism zone
2 2.6 Chagai Magmatic Arc
2 2.7 Pakistan Offshore
2.3 Stratigraphy and basin development
2.3.1 Indus Basin
2.3.2 Upper Indus Basin
2.3.3 Lower Indus Basin
2.3.4 Makran Flysch Basin (Pishin Basin)
2.4 Geology of Thar-rift system
2.4.1 Dune sand
2.4.2 Sub-recent formation
2.4.3 Bara formation
2.4.4 Basement complex
Chapter 3 Coal Chemistry, Coal Facies Environment and Sedimentary Sequences
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Coal assay
3.3 Coal maeerals
3.4 Coal paleo-facies systems
3.5 Sequence stratigraphic analytical approach for depositional sequences
Chapter 4 Pore Structure Characteristics and Fractal Dimension Analysis
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Coal chemical analysis
4.3 Coal macerals
4.4 SEM analysis on pore structure characterization
4.5 CO2 adsorption isotherms analysis
4.6 Micropore size analysis
4.7 N2 adsorption isotherms analysis
4.8 Pore size distribution for mesopore transitional zone
4.9 Fractal dimension of the low-rank coal samples
Chapter 5 Methods Applying in Realistic Pore Geometry Analysis
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Results and discussions
5.2.1 Coal chemistry
5.2.2 Mesopores isotherms analysis
5.2.3 The mesopore size distribution relationship between ungrind and grind coal samples
5.2.4 Fractal analysis between ungrind and grind coal samples
Chapter 6 Controlling Factors on Mineralogical and Geochemical Behaviour of Thar-Badin Coalfields
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Results
6.2.1 Major oxides in coal
6.2.2 Features of trace elements
6.2.3 REY+Y geochemical signatures
6.3 Discussion
6.3.1 Visualized interpretation of inorganic constituent's deposition in the coal matrix
6.3.2 Major oxides depositional system
6.3.3 Trace elements depositional environment
6.3.4 Geochemical anomalies and source of REEs
Chapter 7 Microscopic Characteristics of the Coal Samples
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Mineral association analysis by SEM-EDS and EPMA
7.3 High-temperature ash analysis
Chapter 8 Conclusions
References