战场主要在欧洲。值得注意的是,意大利虽是同盟国,但后来英国、法国和俄国与意大利签署了秘密条约,承诺给予意大利某些土地,最终意大利加入了协约国来对抗同盟国。
这场战争是欧洲历史上破坏性最强的战争之一。有将近6500万人参战,1000万人丧生,2000万人受伤。导火索是1914年6月的萨拉热窝事件,战线主要被分成东线(俄国对德国和奥地利作战)、西线(英国和法国对德国作战)及南线(称为巴尔干战线,塞尔维亚对奥匈帝国作战)。最惨烈的是西线,著名战役有马恩河战役、凡尔登战役和索姆河战役。
战争给人类带来了重大损失。奥斯曼帝国的基督教人口种族清洗中最突出的是奥斯曼帝国的最后几年间对亚美尼亚人的驱逐和屠杀(类似的政策被制定来对付亚述人和奥斯曼希腊人),被认为是种族灭绝。奥斯曼人视全部的亚美尼亚人口为敌,他们在战争初期选择站在俄国那边。但在第一次世界大战中,沙皇政府、德意志帝国、奥匈帝国及奥斯曼土耳其帝国等遭到了破坏,还有巴尔干半岛和中东民族国家,如南斯拉夫、匈牙利和伊拉克等。
该场战争削弱了英国、法国和意大利;美国成为世界顶级经济强国,世界金融中心也从伦敦转至纽约;日本也从债务国转变为债权国,并且侵占了被德国占领的中国肢州湾和山东半岛。《凡尔赛条约》将发动战争的责任完全推给德国。
This war brought about heavy losses tohumanity.The most prominent ethnic cleansingoccurred among the Ottoman Empire’S Christianpopulation,and it was in the form of thedeportation and massacre of Armenians(similarpolicies were enacted against the Assyrians andOttoman Greeks)during the final years of theOttoman Empire,which is considered asgenocide .The Ottomans saw the entireArmenian population as an enemy that hadchosen to side with Russia at thebeginning of the war.With the First WorldWar,the Russian czarist government,German Empire, Austr0—HungarianEmpire. Osman Tllrkish Empire allencountered their destruction along withit,the Balkan Peninsula and the Middleeast nation—states,like Yugoslavia,Hungary andIraq.
This war weakened England,France,andItaly;while made The U.S.A.the world’S topeconomically powerful nation.The worldfinancial centre also shifted to New York fromLondon;Japan turned to the debtor nation from acreditor country,invading Chinese Jiaozhou Bayand the Shandong Peninsula which hasoriginally been under the influence of Germany.The Versailles Treaty places responsibility forthe war completely on Germany.
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