维维安·库克（Vivian Cook）：英国纽卡斯尔大学应用语言学荣休教授，研究方向第二语言习得与教学等，出版著述二十多本、论文百多篇；欧洲第二语言协会创始人与第一任主席；牛津大学期刊《写作系统研究》共同创办人。

本书以乔姆斯基的语言学理论为指导，从语言学角度探讨了第二语言习得的相关问题。该书共十章，论述了二语习得的顺序、二语习得的交际策略、洋泾浜和克里奥尔语与二语习得的关系、如何从句法原则和参数模式研究二语习得、一些具有较大影响的认知模式等。本书的作者长期从事二语习得研究，发表了多篇文章，他在本书中的出发点是描述和解释二语习得者的内部语言。作者在每章后面有一段评语，可供从事二语习得的研究人员参考。

Contents
Preface xxv
Acknowledgements xxvi
List of Abbreviations xxvii
Chapter 1？The Background to Current Second Language Acquisition Research 1
1．1？The Goals of Second Language Research 1
1．2？The Scope of this Book 5
1．3？Early Second Language Acquisition Research 8
Chapter 2？Sequences in Second Language Acquisition 25
2．1？Grammatical Morphemes 25
2．2？Negation and the Learner’s Language System 36
2．3？Explanations for Stages of Second Language Acquisition 43
2．4？The Concept of Stage 45
2．5？Syntactic Aspects of Grammatical Morpheme and Negation Research 46
2．6？Observational Data in Second Language Acquisition Research 47

Chapter 3？The Input Hypothesis Model 51
3．1？The Five Hypotheses 51
3．2？Krashen’s Evidence for the Input Hypothesis 55
3．3？Evidence for the Other Hypotheses 63
3．4？Models in Second Language Acquisition Research 65
Chapter 4？Pidgins， Creoles， and Variation 69
4．1？Pidginisation and Acculturation 69
4．2？Creoles and Second Language Acquisition 78
4．3？Second Language Acquisition and Variation 82
4．4？L2 Use and L2 Learning 89
Chapter 5？The Multidimensional Model and the Teachability Hypothesis 93
5．1？Orders of Acquisition in German 93
5．2？Extensions to the Original Multidimensional Model Research 98
5．3？The Linguistic Basis for the Multidimensional Model 102
5．4？The Processing Rationale for the Multidimensional Model 106
5．5？Methodological Issues 107
5．6？General Implications of Psychological Processing Models 108

Chapter 6？Learning and Communication Strategies 113
6．1？Learning Strategies 113
6．2？Communication and Compensatory Strategies 119
6．3？Methodological Issues in Strategies Research 131
6．4？Linguistics and Strategies Research 134
Chapter 7？Relative Clauses： Beyond Phrase Structure Syntax 138
7．1？Relative Clauses and the Accessibility Hierarchy 140
7．2？Relative Clauses and Psychological Processing 147
7．3？The L2 Acquisit