动词的单复数
主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语的单复数要一致。主语(subject)一般由名词充当,谓语一般由动词充当。SAT 经常考查这个考点。
基本的主谓一致问题
主谓一致这一考点最重要的解题方法就是要找到主语的中心词,根据中心词的单复数来选择相应的谓语动词。一般情况下,主语应该是句子开头最早出现的独立名词或名词性短语。但是在新 SAT 考试中,这些名词通常不是独立出现的,而是常常带有很多的修饰成分,所以要找到主语的中心词,就要先学会划掉主语的修饰成分(trim the fat)。主语的修饰成分可分为以下四种。
1. 介词短语:由介词加名词构成,介词短语是主语的修饰成分,对主语的单复数没有影响,在判断主谓一致时可以划掉。
That book on political parties is interesting.
Julie, along with her friends, is planning to go to the cinema
2. 定语从句:用来描述或补充说明主语中心词,对中心词的单复数没影响,可以划掉。
The books I bought at the bookstore were expensive.
The student that the headmaster picked up from Class Two was John.
3. 后置定语(doing/done 短语)做修饰成分,对中心词的单复数没有影响,可以划掉。
A few daring students, led by a senior who would?miraculously graduate a few months later,
were playing leapfrog outside the window of a room where cameramen were recording the dean’s
lecture. (Khan Academy language use: Subject-Verb agreement 50)
4. 主语后面的插入语处于主语与谓语之间,对主语的单复数没影响,可以划掉。
The first large predators on Earth, according to at least one source, were sea scorpions that
grew up to almost six feet in length. (Khan Academy language use: Subject-Verb agreement 30)
特殊主语:
1. 动名词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Growing flowers is her hobby.
2. 抽象名词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
16
The transportation in Shenzhen is very poor.
3. 表示单数意义的词,形容词 every、each,以及相关的词组 every one of、each of 等都要搭配使用单数谓语。另外,相关的不定代词要使用单数谓语。
Every man, woman, and child needs love.
Every one of my friends is here.
None of the boys is here.
4. 专有名词或名称,格式上表现为斜体和首字母大写的,如 The New York Times,谓语动词用单数。
The New York Times is an American daily newspaper founded and continuously published in
New York City since 1851.
5. the number 做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。若是 a number of(表示“许多”)引
导的短语做主语,之后的名词和谓语动词都用复数形式。
The number of students in the class is fifteen.
A number of students were late for class.
6. 主语中含有 a group of、a team of、a sequence of、a list of 等短语,谓语动词用单数形式。
A group of professors, highly respected for their knowledge, is welcomed as consultants of
the institution.
特殊句型:
1. 倒装句:谓语放在主语的前面的句子。
Across the river and the trees stands an old lady.
Among his most famous things is his collection of CD’s.
2. there be 句型中,be 的单复数是由 be 后面的名词的单复数来决定的。
There are colorful birds everywhere in the forest
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